We saw ourselves as a Jewish underground whose fate was a tragic one, the first to fight. The resistance fortified hideouts and strengthened fighting units in preparation for the next battle. From then on, the resistance dominated the ghetto. When the German deportation effort ended within a few days, Jews interpreted this as a victory. German troops, on the other hand, moved cautiously and would not go down to cellars. Jewish fighters could strike quickly, then escape across the rooftops. Making use of the many hiding places that they had created since April, Jews did not report as ordered. The January deportations caught the Jews by surprise, and ghetto residents thought that the end had come. He ordered the deportation of another 8,000 Jews. On January 9, 1943, Heinrich Himmler, the chief of the SS (the Nazi paramilitary corps), visited the Warsaw ghetto. A newly formed group, the Jewish Fighting Organization (Żydowska Organizacja Bojowa ŻOB), slowly took effective control of the ghetto.
As the deportations continued, despair gave way to a determination to resist. Between July and September 1942, the Nazis shipped about 265,000 Jews from Warsaw to Treblinka. Starvation and disease (especially typhus) killed thousands each month.īeginning July 22, 1942, transfers to the death camp at Treblinka began at a rate of more than 5,000 Jews per day. The Nazis herded Jews from surrounding areas into this district until by the summer of 1942 nearly 500,000 of them lived within its 840 acres (340 hectares) many had no housing at all, and those who did were crowded in at about nine people per room. The Warsaw ghetto, enclosed at first with barbed wire but later with a brick wall 10 feet (3 metres) high and 11 miles (18 km) long, comprised the old Jewish quarter of Warsaw. The revolt began on April 19, 1943, and was crushed four weeks later, on May 16.Īs part of Adolf Hitler’s “final solution” for ridding Europe of Jews, the Nazis established ghettos in areas under German control to confine Jews until they could be executed. Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, resistance by Polish Jews under Nazi occupation in 1943 to the deportations from Warsaw to the Treblinka extermination camp. View West German Chancellor Willy Brandt's visit to Poland where he signed the Treaty of Warsaw and his historic visit to the Warsaw Ghetto memorial, 1970 See all videos for this article
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